Over the past few decades, advances in the neurosciences have led to exciting opportunities to correlate subjective symptom reports with objective measures using imaging and neuroendocrine markers. It is well established that psychotherapy has biological effects on reshaping maladaptive neuronal responses, leading to more flexible activation patterns. This occurs in tandem with clinical response to successful psychological treatments, as patients may soften their rigid cognitions regarding self and others, allowing for more measured approaches to their conflicts. It can be difficult to assimilate the expansive literature on this topic, making it hard to know what information is relevant and useful for practitioners. This presentation will distill how psychotherapy can lead to neurobiological change, linking its effect with the maladaptive activation patterns seen in common psychiatric conditions.