An extensive empirical literature attests that personality factors (in both therapist and patient) account for the lion’s share of variance in psychotherapy outcome. Personality variables also affect whether patients cooperate with medication regimens. Although medical centers, counseling services, and clinics lack the resources to do long-term individual treatment of patients with personality disorders, clinicians in these settings can increase their effectiveness in reaching more limited goals by taking patients’ personality patterns (whether pathological or not) into account. This workshop will be oriented toward helping front-line clinicians improve their effectiveness by orienting treatment toward the individual personalities of their patients.