Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Although treatments are available, a large proportion of patients fail to respond to first line treatments, such as oral antidepressants and psychotherapy, even after multiple treatment attempts. They are then considered to have treatment resistant depression (TRD), a condition which puts them at heightened risk of suicide. Several neuromodulation approaches have been developed which may be effective for TRD. Neuromodulation approaches are those which involve directly affecting the brain through the introduction of electrical, magnetic, or sonic energy. These include electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and low intensity focused ultrasound, to name just a few. In this talk we will have a special focus on accelerated theta burst forms of TMS, which have recently demonstrated high rates of response and remission in TRD, following just a few days of treatment.